What Credit Score Do You Need to Buy a House? Mortgage Credit Explained

Credit score is important—but not the whole application

Lenders use credit information to assess risk and determine eligibility and pricing. They may also review payment history, outstanding balances, length of credit history, recent applications, income, assets, and existing debts. A higher score may help with pricing, but it does not guarantee a specific rate.

Mortgage scores may differ from consumer-app scores

You can have multiple credit scores because scoring models and credit-report data differ. A score shown by a card issuer or personal-finance app may not match the score a mortgage lender uses. Ask the lender which credit reports and scoring models apply to your loan.

Check reports before applying

Review your reports from the major credit bureaus and dispute inaccurate information with the reporting company. Correcting errors can take time, so do this well before you plan to make an offer.

Avoid unnecessary credit changes

Before and during underwriting, avoid opening new credit accounts, financing a car, or making large purchases that create new debt unless you have discussed the impact with your lender. Keep existing accounts current and follow lender instructions about balances and documentation.

Shop mortgage offers within a focused window

Mortgage credit inquiries made while shopping for the same type of loan are generally treated as one inquiry by scoring models when they occur within the applicable rate-shopping window. The CFPB notes that windows can range from 14 to 45 days depending on the scoring model. Confirm timing with lenders and avoid assuming every inquiry is harmless.

Useful tools and related guides

• Mortgage preapproval guide
• FHA vs conventional loans
• Mortgage affordability guide